Append (mp3) to album name, not in each track album name

The only suggestion I have left is to try adding a brand new album to your library. But before you trigger it over to Jellyfin to refresh, rename the album level folder to something notably different than in the metadata. Once you add it to Jellyfin see which album name is used there - either the folder name or the metadata album tag.

Music
├── Some Artist
│ ├── Album A
│ │ ├── Song 1.flac
│ │ ├── Song 2.flac
│ │ └── Song 3.flac
│ └── Album B
│ ├── Track 1.m4a
│ ├── Track 2.m4a
│ └── Track 3.m4a

I added a new Faun album I just bought. I put it in a folder named ‘Hex (flac)’ and copied it to my music share in the flac tree to the Faun folder.

Showed up in Jellyfin as ‘Hex”. Metadata showed a MusicBrainz signature. No way to identify it as flac.

So the opposite test is now to leave the normal folder name and test with a metadata album tag that is unique and different again.

Beyond this you will need to get support from their side. It is obviously not an issue with mp3tag, nor the folder\filename structure.