The only suggestion I have left is to try adding a brand new album to your library. But before you trigger it over to Jellyfin to refresh, rename the album level folder to something notably different than in the metadata. Once you add it to Jellyfin see which album name is used there - either the folder name or the metadata album tag.
Music
├── Some Artist
│ ├── Album A
│ │ ├── Song 1.flac
│ │ ├── Song 2.flac
│ │ └── Song 3.flac
│ └── Album B
│ ├── Track 1.m4a
│ ├── Track 2.m4a
│ └── Track 3.m4a