A virus in the music part of a file would IMHO not make that much sense, because a song like a *.mp3 file can not be executed directly like a *.exe or a *.cmd file.
If a music file would contain a virus, the player of this song would have to read, understand and execute this code part first.
More likely is a virus included in an embedded cover picture.
(Hiding code in a picture is called steganography).
But this is the same situation: The cover itself can not be executed directly. You need a displaying software first. This software would also have to read, understand and execute embedded code in such a picture.
I personally believe that a risk of a virus in a music files is very low.
I would suggest to check all new incoming music files first. For integrity you can choose these external tools. For a virus check there are plenty of anti-virus tools out there.
For the “to know how it was corrupted” part:
I think it is much more likely that a file will be damaged on its way from the manufacturer of the music file to you. E.g. when uploading the file, when saving it in the cloud, when downloading the file on your computer...