As @ohrenkino wrote, Mp3tag does not have a task that can do that automatically.
What you can do is to select all the tracks of the same album and then press "Manage Covers" in the bottom left corner (album cover area) of the Mp3tag Tag Panel.
If you see only 1 cover, it is the same for all selected tracks.
If you see multiple different covers like this:
You can sort your library by album and use Edit → Select similar files to select all files that are from the album of the currently selected file.
If you see its cover in the cover window, all files of this album have the same cover. If you see Cover varies, it's different and you can use Manage Covers to inspect the differences.
Use Edit → Select next similar files (or Ctrl+Shift+G) to navigate to the next album.
$filename(covers.txt,utf-8)
$loop(%album%,1)$loop(%_cover_size%,1)%_counter%: %album%: %_folderpath%$char(9)%_cover_size%
$loopend()$loopend()
The leading number unequal to "1" tells you that covers have different sizes.
However, it's important to keep in mind that album art with the same resolution can have very different qualities. For example, it's easy to upscale a 600 x 600 original to 3000 x 3000, and you can find such upscaled cover files online. If you then have embedded covers with, say, 1200 x 1200 resolution in other tracks on the album, replacing them with the upscaled 3000 x 3000 version without checking the quality would be inadvisable.
Furthermore, file size in bytes is not a reliable indicator of quality. Larger versions of album art can be visually inferior to smaller ones.
Do you store tracks in the root of the artist folder? The first loop(s) needs to uniquely identify each album e.g. $loop(%musicbrainz_albumid%,1)
It may be that you need to replace: $loop(%_folderpath%,1)
with $loop(%albumartist%,1)$loop(%album%,1)$loop(%date%,1)
NOTE: completely untested.
This revised script only lists the albums with inconsistencies:
This one works for me. I think as I look at it though, it would just be easier to just export all the album names, without the leading 1: (or corresponding 2, 3….), and then just sort and take a look at the ones that differ is size.
Then I can go look at the covers in Mp3Tag, and choose which one I want to standardize.
Please note that there are a lot of albums like "Best of", "Greatest", "Gold" - so make sure that these can be set apart.
The leading 1, 2 etc. indicate that there is, as long as not only the ablum with "1" exists that there are 2 or even more different covers.
You could modify the script to just output all those albums where the counter does not equal "1".
You would still have to compare which of the embedded pictures is the better one.