The OP issue is pretty straight forward. Does a mp3 type music file tagged in Win11 including embedded artwork appear correctly when copied and viewed in WinXP? I cannot confirm as I have no XP machines.
For the record, support for any WinXP updates ended in 2014. With this 11 year gap I wouldn't expect much will be done either way to correct it now. But there are many still using XP so I would be surprised if it is a widespread issue and not local.